Konsep Kufur dalam Tematik Al-Qur’an: Perspektif Teologis

Abstract

The Qur’an outlines that, in terms of their attitudes and responses toward God, human beings are classified into three groups: believers, disbelievers, and hypocrites. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding and a clearer explanation of the Qur’anic concept of kufr. This study employs library-based research and utilizes the tafsīr mawḍū‘ī (thematic exegesis) approach as its primary method of data collection and analysis. The findings indicate that (1) the term kufr appears 525 times across 73 of the Qur’an’s 114 chapters; (2) the Qur’an presents two main categories of kufr: disbelief arising from associating partners with God or denying the existence of God and His Messenger, and disbelief manifested through ingratitude for the blessings bestowed by God upon His servants; (3) manifestations of kufr deviate into forms such as fisq, fujūr, and injustice; and (4) the factors contributing to disbelief consist of internal factors—namely negative human traits—and external factors, including environmental conditions, poverty, political circumstances, and cultural influences.